Web 2.0 Applications Essay Example for Free

Web 2.0 Applications Essay O’Reilly (2006) in his Commencement Speech at UC Berkley , clarified that the authentic Web 2. 0 application is where there is a proportionality between the quantity of clients and the improvement of the application. Along these lines, it is contended that the basic belief of Web 2. 0 is having the option to successfully outfit the ingenuity of everybody in the gathering. This sort of improvement is a stage forward when contrasted with the past condition of the web where the Web as a stage stayed a puzzling wreckage of trendy expressions with no genuine lucidity. Spolsky(2005) concurred with this expressing Web 2.0 is â€Å"a large, obscure, indistinct haze of unadulterated structural nothingness† and that â€Å"when individuals utilize the term Web 2. 0, I generally feel a smidgen dumber for the remainder of the day. † Although this is clearly obvious, in this particular sense, the idea of the Web 2. 0 application is the same old thing at all to the World Wide Web. The term Web 2. 0 is utilized when a read-compose part of the Web is utilized in a participatory manner that really makes more noteworthy shared information for all. It was the broad selection of web journals, wikis, MySpace and other read-compose strategies that introduced a typical I-compose and-everybody peruses it use design (Hinchcliffe 2006). The idea of Weblog or Blogging has been characterized by Drezner and Farrell (2004) as â€Å"A page with negligible to no outer altering, giving on-line editorial, occasionally refreshed and introduced backward sequential request, with hyperlinks to other online sources. † Yet despite the fact that this definition exists, different specialists, for example, Nardi et al (2004) express that weblogs at present available in the web have an incredible decent variety that is there is certifiably not a solitary predominant style of movement in the net. Others (Dyrud , Worley Quible, 2005) concur with this yet on the hand, they communicated that there is something basic to all websites and that is they are fundamentally a scene so as to share data (paying little heed to the sum and way) between individuals, gatherings, and associations. As indicated by Blood (2000) there are basically two kinds of weblog: those that stress the journal and remark perspective, and those that underline hyperlinks. The previous may try to impact more extensive popular assessment, or only to raise the profile of the blogger; the last go about as a channel framework, seeing what exists on the Web and suggesting content that may hold any importance with guests. On the off chance that bloggers commit errors in the data they distribute, they depend on their friends to call attention to any blunders (Johnson and Kaye 2004) †this sentence is very ‘stand alone’ you may wish to present the possibility of power of power of Web 2. 0 advances (which will probably canvassed again in Wikis and so on) . In this way, Blogs have novel highlights that conventional web media doesn't have. Around 2. 7 million bloggers update their sites in any event week by week. As indicated by Technorati, new blog creation keeps on developing Figure X shows the quantity of new online journals made every day, from January 2004 to January 2006: As was referenced above, there are different kinds of websites and every variety gives the data to the client as various as could be expected under the circumstances. Components to be considered are the sort of the media to be utilized so as to move the data, the gadget that is utilized, the class, the legitimate status of the distributers, blog web search tools, and blogging networks and catalogs. One shifting thought to web journals is the sort of media that is utilized so as to share the message from the individual/association that would need to give the message to the beneficiary of the message. Take for instance; a video blog is known as a video blog, a blog that is involved connects to different destinations or systems is known as a linklog. Another sort of blog that contains a progression of sets of representations is known as a sketchblog and another sort like a sketchblog is known as a photoblog †one that includes photographs being shared, transferred and downloaded.

Sequestration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sequestration - Essay Example Sequestration thought was executed as a component of 2011-spending control act. Indeed, the two gatherings concurred that around $1 trillion to be cut from the central government; nonetheless, they didn't concede to the subsequent stages to rescue the countries financial spending plan (Genovese, 2010). Besides, there certain quarters that proposed the addition of the national getting toward making defaults that could have risen up out of the harms of the Sequestration. Getting from the Reagan time law, there was a contention that there was expected to accomplish objectives including raising as far as possible however improving the national monetary standing (Genovese, 2010). Sequestration thought is basic; it just calls for planning for programmed cuts for the future national financial plans. In any case, Sequestration might be unsafe for everybody; in this way, the congress should actualize better and smoother cuts before executing Sequestration completely (Genovese, 2010). Sequestration was intended to begin this year however the officials have deferred it; in any case, it is relied upon to produce results as of this

Discuss The Factors That Influence The Toxicity Assignment

Discuss The Factors That Influence The Toxicity Assignment Discuss The Factors That Influence The Toxicity â€" Assignment Example > Factors that influence the toxicity of a substance and its manifestations within an organismIntroductionThe production and use of toxic substance has steadily increased within the last decade; nevertheless, there is limited or scant information/knowledge about the risks of these substances to human health as well as other organism. For instance the general knowledge with regards to toxic impacts on freshwater organisms is mostly restricted to average temporary toxicity. Again there is limited information on factors influencing these toxic substances and how they are manifested within an organism (Dabrunz, et al. , 2011). The most important recent as well as near-term issues of medicine is toxicity in organism or ecological systems, particularly because there is no concrete experimental that on unintended  and adverse  effects of toxicity as well as how these can be detected. In spite of the issues  of health and  safety dangers linked to toxicity, there is  a  no important quantit ative analysis  and  empirical data  on risk assessments. A great deal of this is as a result of scientific ambiguity over permanent medical  reactions. If toxicological issues  are to be tackled, the question is how  we tackle these issues in light of no concrete empirical information (Jaipreet, 2008). This paper highlights some of the factors associated with toxicity as well as their manifestation within an organism. Toxicology and ToxicityToxicology can be defined as “the study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical or biological agents on living organisms and the ecosystem, including the prevention and amelioration of such adverse effects” (Society of Toxicology, 2005). Toxicity (or hazard) on the other hand, is the inborn ability of an agent to bring about damage. This property will only change if the agent is changed in some way. It will not change with changes in conditions of use or exposure. Factors that influence the toxicity of a substanceOne of the factors is duration of exposure. This can be categorized under three, acute, subacute, sub chronic and chronic. Severe toxicity refers to a cause and an impact that is apparent in terms of days and weeks. Exposure to the chemical substance can either be severe or chronic in a poisoning condition. Severe poisoning usually takes place when a particular exposure causes a direct impact while chronic poisoning refers to impacts found to be following any constant permanent exposure to moderately low levels of the chemicals (Nweke and Okpokwasili2010). Apart from the duration, exposure routes are also very significant in influencing the toxicity of a substance in an organism. The impacts of exposure are significantly determined by the exposure routes usually considered to be air and water pollution, contaminated food, and contact with toxins in both the normal and work surroundings. Some chemical substances, e.g. parathion, are similarly toxic by all three routes of exposure although the most of th em are not similarly toxic by all the three routes of exposure, regardless of the period of exposure. Routes of exposure to direct include contaminated air, water, soil, food, and customers productsFurther, types of an organism/animal or physiology of the organism is very vital. The brutality of a substance's toxicity is the function of its association with the bodily processes of a specific living being. For instance, chocolate is relatively toxic to canines although modestly to other animals. Consumed in very big portions, vitamins too may cause toxicity in humans. Theobromine, a chemical that originates from chocolate, is poisonous to dogs although not to rodents.

Marijuana Should Be Legal Essay - 2332 Words

Abstract The following is a proposal for a public policy that would legalize marijuana and have the drug be treated as alcohol. This is necessary because the current policy is detrimental to society and the legalization of marijuana would be beneficial. The prohibition of the drug is unfounded because tobacco and alcohol, legalized substances, are more dangerous than marijuana. Also, the legislation regarding the drug was created on racist sentiments, reducing the law’s credibility. The current policy also creates a dangerous black market and renders our prison system ineffective. The legalization of cannabis would bring undeniable medical and economic benefits to society and the government. Varying degrees of marijuana legalization have†¦show more content†¦Thus, marijuana was originally banned for social reasons, not because it was seen as a dangerous drug in itself. In fact, tobacco and alcohol, two legalized substances, are far more dangerous than marijuana. First of all, marijuana is much less addictive than tobacco or alcohol. According to Paul Gahlinger, M.D., Ph.D, a professor at the University of Utah, the medical value of marijuana is significantly higher than that of tobacco and alcohol and also has a much lower risk of abuse (Gahlinger 10). Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, is considered the most addictive substance ever found, even greater than illegal drugs including marijuana, heroin, and crack (192). Marijuana also has a very low potential for abuse in comparison with many other common psychoactive drugs such as cocaine or amphetamine (Mills 3). While it is debated whether marijuana is psychologically addictive, the drug does not cause a physical dependence (Gahlinger 335). The relatively low threat of abuse undoubtedly contributes to the fact that marijuana causes significantly fewer deaths in the United States than tobacco or alcohol. Alcohol causes at least 200,000 deaths annually in the United States. Tobacco smoking causes around 430,000 deaths in the US per year and 50,000 deaths due to secondhand smoke alone. All 178 illegal drugs in the United States combined cause about 8,000 deaths yearly (GahlingerShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. This

`` Alone Together `` By Sherry Turkle - 1997 Words

â€Å"Alone Together† by Sherry Turkle can be explained by using the postmodernism theory. There are examples used throughout the entirety of the book that the author herself experienced during interviews that clearly show how our society is evolving in these postmodern times. â€Å"Alone Together† goes into detail explaining how people today are interacting with technology and how it is greatly changing our society. Theory Overview Before explaining postmodernism, modernism needs to explained some first. Modernism believes in the absolutes of things such as beauty art and music. There is only one set way to do these things. Music is things such as Mozart and Bach. There is a clear objective of linear thinking that is to be stuck to and anything†¦show more content†¦Sherry Turkle begins the book by talking about our relationships with robots and how it is going to change our society. Robots are another way for us to interact. We can interact with them as if they are people and they can assist us in our day to day lives. This is an example of our society being fragmented as it is another way for us to interact in society. Sherry Turkle writes about our interaction with robots and how that is increasing and how our interactions with humans are decreasing. Through her interviews she learns that some people are much more comfortable talking with a robot or computer program than with a human. There is a computer program called ELIZA that people can interact with and the program is set to respond in certain ways. Turkle found out that people would start telling the program their secrets and issues within just a few interactions. This is much quicker than people will open up during therapy with a human. This can show a shift of people potentially interacting more with programs like this as a form of therapy rather than taking the traditional route and talking to a therapist. Childrens toys such as tamagotchis show â€Å"emotions† and in turn make the children feel actual emotions. The tamagotchis will ask for and require care from the children to â€Å"survive†. This elicited actual emotions from the kids as they would get happy to care andShow MoreRelatedAlone Together by Sherry Turkle1172 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading Sherry Turkle’s book Alone Together, I was left with mixed feelings. Ill thought the book was poorly written, and could have be en structured better. The way Turkle structures the book made me bored and uninterested. On the other hand, it enlightened me about the conditions that technology has done throughout society. I became bored reading certain parts of the book. I feel like the author could have sequenced it better. The author precedes some chapters or sections with a point andRead More`` Alone Together `` By Sherry Turkle1555 Words   |  7 Pageseasily stay connected to each other through the online world. Because of this, human beings have been influenced by the changing of their surrounding environments, and it leads to new issues that human beings never faced before. Sherry Turkle, the author of â€Å"Alone Together†, introduces the impact of the development of technology on humans, particularly human relationships. She argues that although the development of technology allowed people to have easier, faster, and more efficient lives, it alsoRead MoreSherry Turkle s Alone Together Reflection1085 Words   |  5 PagesSherry Turkle’s Alone Together Reflection: Sherry Turkle is a professor of the social studies of science and technology at MIT with a joint doctorate in sociology and personality psychology. It is a safe assumption to say that Sherry Turkle knows what she is talking about. In fact, her book Alone Together and her video talk through the Family Action Network is evidence of that. The book and the talk generally convey the same message that technology, primarily phones, limits human empathy andRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherry Turkle s Alone Together1461 Words   |  6 PagesDespite an increase in the amount of mediums used to communicate with other people, humans have lost the ability to adequately socialize in an effective manner. In Sherry Turkle’s Alone Together, the reader is presented with animatronic devices as eventual replacements to human interaction. Meanwhile, this is contrasted with Adam Gopnik’s Bumping Into Mr Ravioli, where people are always available for communication, but are always â€Å"perpetua lly suspending† any real face to face contact (157). WithRead MoreAnalysis Of Connected But Alone By Sherry Turkle1155 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Connected, but Alone? Ted talk, Sherry Turkle argues that technology is a major influence on our social interaction during this time era. The technological world brings us together, but also separates us from this present reality. In Turkles speech she explains that when people should interact socially face to face instead they turn to their phones and do not give their full attention to the others who are in the room or environment at that time. Friends, coworkers, and family members feelRead MoreThe Flight From Conversation By Sherry Turkle1232 Words   |  5 PagesOver the course of time, there has been a lot of controversy over the use of technology in our day to day lives in Sherry Turkle s article, â€Å"The Flight From Conversation† she brings up a lot of main points targeting the use of technology and how it changes the way we interact with people. She explains that we have been accustomed to being alone together that many people prefer to be alone rather than having a conversation with someone. She also discusses how we no longer have traditional relationshipsRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives910 Words   |  4 Pagesmore powerful and effective ways of communication. People are getting used to a new way to be alone together while they are together. Conversation in number and quality decrease as technology replaces in human interaction Sherry Turkle, a psychologist and professor of the social studies and technology at the Massachusetts institute, wrote the article â€Å"The Flight from Conversation†. In this article, Turkle mainly discusses the impact of technology in the world today. She gives insight into how technologyRead MoreA Response To Growing Up Tethered By Sherry Turkle727 Words   |  3 PagesA Response to Growing Up Tethered Sherry Turkle’s primary argument in her essay, â€Å"Growing Up Tethered†, is the current generation of adolescents are linked or tethered to their cell phones and technology. Sherry Turkle, sociologist, clinical psychologist, and author of many books, is concerned about our altered identities, lack of empathy skills, and increased stress due to online activities (Turkle, 2011). Technology changes our very being in such a way that some free will isRead MoreAlone Together: the Robotic Movment Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesResponse to Sherry Turkle’s â€Å"Alone Together: The Robotic Movement† In â€Å"Alone Together: The Robotic Movement,† Sherry Turkle explains some of the negative effects that robots are having on our lives. She also explains how they can have a negative effect on our daily lives without us even noticing. I am someone who knows a great deal about technology, however I had no idea that close human-robot interaction was happening at such an inappropriate level. There are many different examples Turkle usesRead MoreTechnology And Conversation : Technology971 Words   |  4 Pagesway to be alone together. Conversation in number and quality decrease as technology replaces in human interaction. In this article author gives insight into how technology distracts people without considering what price they are paying and persuades how technology has a huge effect on people’s conversation. Sherry Turkle, a psychologist and professor of the social studies and technology at the Massachusetts institute, wrote the article â€Å"The Flight from Conversation†. In this article, Turkle mainly discusses

Conceptual Development Reasoning And Implications Commerce Essay Free Essays

Many of us execute systematically with persons from other societies and making. Every so frequently this goes good, and the societal fluctuations are exciting and heightening. However, sometimes factors can travel wrong, for factors that we may non grok. We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptual Development Reasoning And Implications Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is where it ‘s indispensable to grok the fluctuations between societies, so that we can execute with persons more successfully, and avoid uncertainness. This essay offers with finding the relationship between organisational and national civilization. Likewise, this essay besides offers with the jobs coming up from fluctuations in national civilizations in leading, and the troubles confronted by worldwide companies, or companies using workers with different national backgrounds and operating in a different national civilization with respects to its caput office organisational civilization. Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner ‘s Seven Dimensions of Culture help us screen this out. We will look at the seven dimensions in this essay, and research their functionality utilizing existent life cases of world-wide corporations such as McDonalds, British Petroleum, The UpJohn Company, Pharmacia AB and Farmitalia. Conceptual Development, Reasoning and Deductions In a managerial construct, civilization is a by and large investigated subject. A nexus is frequently attracted between a powerful organisational civilization and domination in the industry. Culture is formed by a company ‘s sole history and situational development. It can be described as the values, doctrines and objectives more or less common to the company ‘s members. It impacts the manner a company does concern and makes known appropriate workers, clients, providers, and challengers. A ace director is person who is capable of engrafting the organisations rules and norms into employees so they non merely cognize what is anticipated of them, but are dying to execute in such a manner as to profit the company and this helps him make agencies of significance and acknowledgment by offering an environment that is carry throughing for its workers and clients. ( Scott A ; Davis, 2007 ) Similarly a state ‘s civilization comprises of the beliefs, traditions, and imposts of the persons populating in that peculiar geographical part. How persons interact with fellow people, how they act with their household, their linguistic communication, their nutrient and household traditions are all aligned with the criterions and moralss of their state. Cultures normally vary in connexions between the person and community, different behaviors of undertaking issues, the extent of independency they get from the governments, their demonstrativeness and their political orientation of religious orders and gender. All of these things are much like organisational civilization, merely on a grander scope. These societal rules can sketch how persons anticipate organisations to be run, and how dealingss between leaders and followings should be. Several times the cultural distance consequences in great fluctuations that can do serious jobs for the direction of the worldwide companies. Hence when organisations plan to boom their organisations beyond the regional restrictions of their state and besides manage a diverse squad of persons, Trompenaars Seven Dimensions of Lifestyle is one of the cultural appraisal theoretical accounts that come in ready to hand. To understand the persons from different societal makings better, this theoretical account helps, which in bend decreases the possibilities of uncertainness and misinterpretations which can be confronted by organisations did they take to work in a new state without wholly cognizing the national civilization. ( Trompenaars A ; Hampden-Turner, 1997 ) Trompenaars discovered the cultural immoderatenesss and the disbelief that can happen when making concern across civilizations, utilizing preliminary analysis including 15,000 workers in 50 states. Trompenaars arrived at seven alone dimensions of civilization, which will be elaborated as we proceed, by utilizing the questionnaire responses in his survey. These dimensions can assist organisations plan in front by acquiring to cognize and analyse the national civilization of the state that they plan to work in. Besides these dimensions can be used as an indicant to the challenges and problems they might confront in carry throughing their marks. ( Trompenaars A ; Hampden-Turner, 1997 ) Universalism versus Particularism In universalistic societies guidelines are applied in all state of affairss, irrespective of peculiar conditions or fortunes. However Particularism refers to flexing the guidelines harmonizing to the job in manus, after judging it decently. Harmonizing to Trompenaars ‘ decisions, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States are among the most Universalistic states. Whereas Russia, Korea, and China sit on the particularistic subdivision of the graduated table and are in fact are the most particularistic of states. Hence it can be comprehended from this fact that if a company which is based in a universalistic state decides to spread out its operations to a particularistic state, of course it will travel through a tough clip pull offing and seting to the patterns of the local employees. For a better apprehension of this phenomenon Lashkar-e-Taiba ‘s see the illustration of when the Italian manner of direction had clashed with the Swedes ‘ ain methods of making things, f ollowing the coup d’etat of Farmitalia ( portion of Montedison ) by Pharmacia Ab, a Swedish drug organisation, in 1993. Italians are used to a particularistic manner of direction. They besides give their close relations an improved value as in comparing to their profession and most normally will go forth work to go to to a ill household member or aid with child care, which the Swedes frown upon. ( Burton A ; Frank, 1997 ) Individualism versus Bolshevism Bolshevism refers to the inclination of people to remain in groups and assist each other. It besides puts a greater value on the public assistance and consentaneous understanding of the whole society, on cardinal issues, as compared to the penchants and demands of an person. Whereas individuality encourages the opposition of external influences, from the community, on accomplishing a individual ‘s aims, encourages self-freedom and is typically denoted as a representative of a modern society. In a nut shell this dimension cores on whether remarkable rights and criterions are supplanting or secondary to those of the communal society. The most individualist states are Canada, the United States, Switzerland, and the UK. Among the most leftist are Japan, Egypt, India, Nepal and Kuwait. ( Trompenaars A ; Hampden-Turner, 1997 ) These types of cultural differences can present tremendous challenges to organisations, as civilizations can non be altered overnight. It takes strategic in front of clip planning to intermix into some foreign state ‘s civilization expeditiously. Otherwise the costs associated with the changeless failures are immense. An illustration which is tailored to this type of a state of affairs is when McDonald ‘s had to cover with in Japan. Eating together at the same tabular array is most of import to the Japanese. One of the most of import undertakings of nutrients is conveying people aboard one another and set uping a communal feeling. Rice, which is sent to the tabular array in a common platter, is the spirit of a nutrient that ties household members and trades societal interactions. In contrast McDonald ‘s Burgers are intended to be self-sufficiently and can non be shared. Not merely does the nutrients, but besides the existent agreement of the dining countries in McDo nalds ‘s Japan falls short to include the property of commensality. McDonald ‘s in Ginza, Japan was free from tabular arraies and seats. In fact there were counters in which clients were supposed to eat their nutrients on the spell. So these elements acted against the will of McDonald ‘s nevertheless As McDonald ‘s grew in Japan, dining countries increasingly involved Tables and chairs. ( Varma A ; Doris, 2006 ) ( Public Broadcasting Service of the United States, 1997 ) Impersonal versus Emotional This implies as to what extent the shows of emotions are considered acceptable in the workplace. More meaningfully it indicates whether psychological or really subjective ( instead than aim ) signifiers of rating are believed to be the base for good devising determinations in organisations. Some civilizations place greater value on information based and systematic determination devising by professionals. In contrast others feel that positions, inherent aptitude, and gut emotions are believable or legitimate demands. Understanding and moving in conformity to a community ‘s emotionalism poses as a immense challenge to Multinational companies. In add-on the linguistic communication barrier, which really can be tackled to some extent, besides plays its portion really good. For case on 27 July 2010 British Petroleum announced that, by common understanding with the BP board, British national Tony Hayward, who had been in charge of one of the universe ‘s largest organisations fo r the last three old ages, is to step down as group head executive. He will be succeeded by fellow executive manager Robert Dudley, an American Citizen. This determination came frontward as a consequence to the Mexican Gulf catastrophe which is considered the worst environmental bad lucks of all time. Hayward had been accused by American Journalists for deficiency of committedness, concern and apologies, when the incident took topographic point. These allegations were unusual, because it is improbable for a Chief executive officer to remain are n’t bothered when his company is accountable for such a catastrophe. One of the cardinal constituents of this instance is the nationality and life style of Hayward. As a British national, his interaction manner differed from the People of America. He was less likely to demo his feelings freely. English are well-known for their consecutive face and deficiency of emotional show – hence the reaction from the American populace. ( British Petroleum, 2010 ) Specific versus Diffuse This dimension focuses on the society ‘s response towards the construct of work topographic point dealingss widening outside the workplace. Societies that show diffuse dealingss have a inclination to widen the formal workplace relation and duties, which besides include hierarchal place, into societal twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours state of affairss, On the contrary societies exposing Specific dealingss, are the exact antonym. This surely is a critical to be a sensitive facet issue international directors, as a director can merely judge his employees, the biggest plus of a company, accurately when he is non anticipating a batch out of them. If an international company maps in a society which, unlike its central office ‘ civilization, portrays specific dealingss, so it will of course anticipate manner more from its employees than they are ready to supply. This leads to misconceptions and poorer employer-employee relationship. Achievement versus Attribution This measuring denotes a individual ‘s place within organisations, contrasting those societies where place, dependability, authorization, and finally power are largely based on excellence ( achieved ) against those where category, sex, instruction, or age are by and large the interpretation characteristics ( position is ascribed ) . Once once more these contrasting cultural values can do misconceptions and demoralisation among the employees sing clang between their and the company ‘s construct of just publicities or wagess. ( Trompenaars A ; Hampden-Turner, 1997 ) Attitude towards clip Opinions of clip normally associate with promptness for meetings and work end product deadlines. Swedes and other northern Western societies are by and large punctual and program harmonizing to precise agendas. Many southern European and Arabic societies see promptness and day of the month flawlessness as far less of import. Besides it is indispensable for a company to map in a foreign society, with people from different cultural background, to hold minimal differences towards their and the society ‘s attitude towards clip. In 1995 after the amalgamation took topographic point, Upjohn Company of the United States and Pharmacia AB of Sweden ( with operations in Italy ) , came to appreciate how significant these unsimilarities were. Swedes take off most of the 30 yearss of July for their one-year holiday, Italians take off most of August. Unwittingly, US professionals planned meetings in the summers, merely to hold to end many because their European opposite numbers were on a hol iday. ( Burton A ; Frank, 1997 ) ( Thomas, 2000 ) Attitude towards the environment Societies runing concern have established two chief orientations towards nature. They either believe that they can modulate nature by commanding their will upon it, or they believe that adult male is portion of nature and must travel with its Torahs, guidelines and powers. Among the first of these orientations, the organisation is comprehended ofA as a machine that submits to the will of its operators. The 2nd have a inclination to see an organisation as a merchandise of nature, owing its advancement to the foods in its environment. Decision Trompenaars ‘ seven dimensions have been used in a assortment of ways to derive penetrations into different sorts of jobs that an international organisation might confront while working in a different National civilization to that of its central offices. In a broad-spectrum they specify the organisational features we can assume from organisations founded in certain states or controlled by certain populations. Each of the seven dimensions highlighted by Trompenaars must be given particular importance as a guideline to understand fluctuations in different civilizations and for the challenges that they might confront in front. This in bend helps avoid unwanted state of affairss, doing important pecuniary and non-monetary losingss to International Organizations working outside their Cultural range. How to cite Conceptual Development Reasoning And Implications Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Economic Performance Analysis - Free Samples -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Economic Performance Analysis. Answer: Singapore is considered as one of the high-income economy. Average income in Singapore is at per or even greater than that in most developed nation. The economic environment in Singapore is suitable for carrying business operation. There is always a competitive environment in the nation and this shows the countrys reliance on free market strategy. Singapore is an open economy with highly depended on export earnings. Since independence, the country developed at a fast pace and made successful transformation from a comparatively low-income nation to a high-income one. The process of industrialization in Singapore accelerated in 1960s and brought rapid growth for the economy. In this phase, manufacturing sector plays an important role in the growth process. Singapore had achieved the goal of full employment in 1970s and joined the growth path of south East Asian tigers (Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea). Secondary and tertiary se4ctor in Singapore are considered as two main pillars of the economy. In general, the country encourages various businesses with particular focus on highly value added services. Present paper presents an overall economic analysis of Singapore for past few years. Major economic indicators such as output, labor market status and price level are given particular focus. In addition to trend analysis for these indicators, evaluation is made on major initiatives taken by the government to improve economic performance. Output performance analysis Gross Domestic Product of a nation captures monetary values of goods and services produced within the nation in the accounting year. GDP can be computed in either current market value or taking market values of a particular base year. GDP computed using base year prices is called GDP at constant price or real GDP. Real GDP is a measure of GDP that is free from inflationary or deflationary consequences in an economy. Thus, real GDP is a more accurate measure of nation output. Growth rate of GDP is the percentage change in GDP. Growth in real GDP gives a measure of real economic growth of the nation. On dividing GDP by total population, per capita real GDP is obtained (Laubach Williams, 2016). This is a measure of nations average income. In order to analyze output performance, growth trend in real GDP and per capita real GDP is considered. Year Real GDP Growth Rate Real GDP Per Capita (US dollar) 2005 7.5 40020.26 2006 8.9 42223.89 2007 9.1 44191.24 2008 1.8 42650.10 2009 -0.6 41133.30 2010 15.2 46569.68 2011 6.2 48439.94 2012 3.9 49000.71 2013 5 50467.84 2014 3.6 51440.82 Table 1: Real GDP growth rate and per capital real GDP in Singapore (Source: data.worldbank.org) Figure 1: Real GDP growth trend in Singapore (Source: data.worldbank.org) Figure 2: Per capita real GDP in Singapore (Source: data.worldbank.org) From the above table it is clearly seen that Singapore has maintained a stable growth rate in its real GDP. The average annual growth rate from 2004-2015 is 6-7%. Exception has been observed only in 2009 when growth rate fell down to 0.6% (Balassa, 2014). The likely cause behind the fall in growth rate is external shock resulted from financial crisis globally. This shows responsiveness of the economy to shocks in external economic environment. However, Singapore did not take much time to make a recovery from crisis. With rapid growth in service and manufacturing sector and increasing openness of the country quick growth recovery is made possible. An outstanding growth performance is observed in 2011 with a notable growth rate of 15.2%. After that, growth trend continues with an average rate of 4-5%. With a steady growth rate and almost stable population, per capita income should be increased. There is no exception of this trend in Singapore as well with a rising trend in per capita i ncome. Per capita income increases from $40020.26 in 2005 to $51440.82 in 2015 (Chew, 2013). In order to increase national output government in Singapore uses the tool of expansionary fiscal policy. Expansionary fiscal policy can be implemented with raising direct government expenditure and reducing tax rates. Singapore government uses both these strategies. In times of global recession, government came forward to revive growth rate. In this time, government launched a resilience program aiming at increasing investment in infrastructure projects (Ali et al., 2014). Apart from focusing on improving infrastructure, increased demand for goods and services in the economy can also raise nation output. The direct channel of increasing demand is to increase the disposable income available in peoples hand. For this, government reduces both income and corporate tax rate. Government also increases transfer payment to boost aggregate demand in the economy. Increase in consumption, government expenditure or invest only partially offsets recession effects resulted from smaller multiplier effect because of low marginal propensity to consume. In Singapore, production driven growth has been given priority. To improve production capacity, fiscal policy is used to affect the supply side of the economy. In this regard, government increases its investment in the fields of training and education to increase human capital investment in the economy. Centres of technical education, polytechnic institutions, and training centres have rapidly increased in Singapore. In order to increase research and development scope in the economy government has recently set up Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) and Biomedical Research Council (BMRC) (economicscafe.com.sg, 2017). Labour market analysis In order to analyze status of labour market yearly unemployment trend is considered. Year Unemployment Rate 2005 3.1 2006 3.1 2007 2.1 2008 2.2 2009 3 2010 2.1 2011 2 2012 1.9 2013 1.9 2014 1.95 Table 2: Yearly unemployment data in Singapore (Source: data.worldbank.org) Figure 3: yearly unemployment trend in Singapore (Source: data.worldbank.org) In Singapore, performance of labour market is quite satisfactory. Unemployment rate is steadily declined in past ten years. In 2005, the unemployment rate was 3.1%. In connection of government policy, ensure a full employment condition in the economy unemployment rate reached to a 1.95%. In 2009 only, unemployment rate increased from that it is in 2008. This is the consequence of global crisis occurred in 2008 (Battaglini Coate, 2016). This caused cyclical unemployment in Singapore. With a recovery in the growth rate, labour market condition also improved and unemployment rate backed to its declining trend. Unemployment is a condition where some labour in labour force fail finds suitable jobs at existing wage in the economy. There are different reason behind unemployment depending on the structure and composition of the economy. There are several types of unemployment that an economy experiences. Unemployment due to the change in production structure or technology of production in an industry is termed as structural unemployment. People depending on seasonal occupation suffer from seasonal unemployment. During recession, there is a depressed demand in overall economy. This effects performance of labour market and aggravates unemployment problem. This type of unemployment resulted from cyclical fluctuation is called cyclical unemployment (Abdullah Chan, 2016). Other forms of unemployment are disguised unemployment, frictional unemployment, and technical unemployment. Despite having low unemployment rate, Singapore experiences different types of unemployment. In 2008, worldwide recession affected Singapore economy. Overall demand in the economy decreased in this time. As a result, of contraction of the economy demand for labour also decreased and resulted in cyclical unemployment. In order to achieve fast growth rate Singapore continuously makes structural changes in different industries. For this reason, the economy often suffers from structural unemployment. For example, countrys recent move towards Research and Development and biomedical industry low skilled workers are unable to sustain in the industry and become unemployed (Tan, 2016). Other type of unemployment seen in Singapore is frictional unemployment. With a changing composition of the economy, people in Singapore consider switching their jobs. This gives rise to the problems of frictional unemployment. In view of unemployment resulted from lack of skill government in Singapore focuses on training and education program. Heavy investment is made in these fields. The initiatives of government show success in making 23% of labour force degree holder in 2010. This will help the citizens to remain competitive. In order to achieve the goal of full employment government launches different program like PMET program and P-max program (Tremewan, 2016). Apart from solving labour market problem this will also increase national productivity. Employers are given incentives to hire more workers in the economy. Price level analysis Gradual rise in general price level is termed as inflation. Price in the economy pushes up either by the forces of demand or by increase in cost of production. Demand-pull inflation in the economy exists when price increases because of a sudden hike in demand. When production cost increases then supplier increases price of their products (Gal, 2015). The supply side inflation is termed as cost-push inflation. A moderate to low inflation is preferable for the growth of the economy. Galloping inflation is inflation accounts double digit. When galloping inflation persists in the economy without any counteracting measure then inflation rate turns to be very high and is known as hyperinflation. Trend in price level is analyzed by observing yearly inflation trend in Singapore. Year Inflation Rate 2005 0.4 2006 1 2007 2.1 2008 6.5 2009 0.6 2010 2.8 2011 5.2 2012 4.6 2013 2.4 2014 1.01 Table 3: Yearly inflation rate in Singapore (Source: tradingeconomics.com) Figure 4: Inflation trend in Singapore (Source: tradingeconomics.com) From the above table it is seen that price level in Singapore remained more or less stable. In 2005, inflation rate was 0.4%. After 10 years, inflation rate increased only slightly with rate being only 1.01% (Tan, 2016). There is a moderate to low level of inflation in the economy. In 2008, inflation rate increased at a very rapid rate. Recorded inflation rate in 2008 was 6.5% as compared to 2.1 % in the previous year. The rise in price trend is due to increase in good and service tax rate introduced by Singapore government. Other than this year, inflation rate remains manageable. In Singapore, external factors are responsible for existence of demand-pull inflation in the economy. In the GDP composition of Singapore export constitute a major part. Rise of national income of its trading partner increase demand for its export and hence increase aggregate demand in the economy (Wirtz Chung, 2015). An increase in other components of aggregate demand such as investment and consumption expenditure also contributes to a rise in aggregate demand. Cost of production in Singapore raises mainly because of a rise in the price of imported raw material. Because of lack of resource many industries in Singapore depends on imported resources and hence a rise in price of imported good raises overall prices in the economy (Siddiqui, 2016). Monetary authority in Singapore relies on exchange rate policy to achieve stability in price. Singapore is a nation having trade relation with multiple nations. This helps the nation to maintain exchange rate of domestic currency against weighted average of currencies of its trading partners within a stable policy brand. The exchange rate policy in Singapore is used as a proxy measure of monetary policy to control inflation. In the presence of a strong external economies prices goes up without intervention of central bank (Chow, Lim McNelis, 2014). Thus, central bank intervenes by the policy of appreciation of Singapore dollar. The assignment analyses economic performance of Singapore from 2005 to 2014. In all, performance of different economic indicators is good. Economy grows steadily having an overall moderate rate of growth. Only disturbing year in the growth phase is 2008. Economic disturbance in this year is due to external shocks resulted from worldwide recession in that year. Labour market performance is well in the economy. The country is successful in maintaining a considerably low unemployment rate and almost achieves full employment target. Price level stability is another important policy goal of Singapore government. Stability in the price level is a feature of Singapore economy. However, unemployment and inflation rate are also affected by global crisis in 2008. This shows external factor plays an important role in economic performance of Singapore. In order to improve performance of output, employment and price level government designs several policies. Direct tools of fiscal and monetary policy are not very effective in Singapore. Fiscal policy tool like increase in consumption, government or investment expenditure cannot be fully effective because of smaller multiplier effect. Monetary policy is implemented through tool of exchange rate appreciation. Despite being a small economy, satisfactory performance in different economic indicators give the economy an important place in developed counties list. References Abdullah, M. A., Chan, R. K. (2016). Foreign Labor In The Midst Of The Asian Economic Crisis: Early Experiences From Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan And Singapore.Jurnal Kinabalu (eJK),4. Ali, G., Zaman, K., Ziaei, S. M., Anuar, M. A. (2014). Stock Return Response to Monetary and Fiscal Policy Interaction in Singapore.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(27 P3), 1712. Balassa, B. (2014). Development Strategies'.International Economics and Development: Essays in Honor of Ral Prebisch, 159. Battaglini, M., Coate, S. (2016). A political economy theory of fiscal policy and unemployment.Journal of the European Economic Association,14(2), 303-337. Chew, M. P. G. (2013).Measuring economic sustainability of nations: Singapore as case study(Doctoral dissertation). Chow, H. K., Lim, G. C., McNelis, P. D. (2014). Monetary regime choice in Singapore: Would a Taylor rule outperform exchange-rate management?.Journal of Asian Economics,30, 63-81. Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://data.worldbank.org/country/singapore Economicscafe.com.sg. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://www.economicscafe.com.sg/economics-lecture-notes-chapter-12/ Gal, J. (2015).Monetary policy, inflation, and the business cycle: an introduction to the new Keynesian framework and its applications. Princeton University Press. Laubach, T., Williams, J. C. (2016). Measuring the natural rate of interest redux.Business Economics,51(2), 57-67. Siddiqui, K. (2016). A study of Singapore as a developmental state. InChinese Global Production Networks in ASEAN(pp. 157-188). Springer International Publishing. Singapore Inflation Rate | 1962-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. (2017).Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://tradingeconomics.com/singapore/inflation-cpi Tan, A. H. (2016). Economic Prospects of Singapore. InSINGAPORE 2065: Leading Insights on Economy and Environment from 50 Singapore Icons and Beyond(pp. 213-218). Tan, M. S. L. (2016). Policy coordination among the ASEAN-5: A global VAR analysis.Journal of Asian Economics,44, 20-40. Tremewan, C. (2016).The political economy of social control in Singapore. Springer. Wirtz, J., Chung, L. M. (2015). Singapore: Macro Trends and their Implications for Consumer Marketing. InProceedings of the 1997 World Marketing Congress(pp. 441-443). Springer, Cham.

Barium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Barium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic Number 56 Symbol Ba Atomic Weight 137.327 Discovery Sir Humphrey Davy 1808 (England) Electron Configuration [Xe] 6s2 Word Origin Greek barys, heavy or dense Isotopes Natural barium is a mixture of seven stable isotopes. Thirteen radioactive isotopes are known to exist. Properties Barium has a melting point of 725Â °C, a boiling point of 1640Â °C, and a specific gravity of 3.5 (20Â °C), with a valence of 2. Barium is a soft metallic element. In its pure form, it is silvery white. The metal oxidizes readily and should be stored under petroleum or other oxygen-free liquids. Barium decomposes in water or alcohol. Impure barium sulfide phosphoresces following exposure to light. All barium compounds that are soluble in water or acid are poisonous. Uses Barium is used as a getter in vacuum tubes. Its compounds are used in pigments, paints, glassmaking, as weighting compounds, in the manufacture of rubber, in rat poison, and in pyrotechnics. Sources Barium is only found combined with other elements, primarily in barite or heavy spar (sulfate) and witherite (carbonate). The element is prepared by the electrolysis of its chloride. Element Classification Alkaline-earth Metal Density (g/cc) 3.5 Melting Point (K) 1002 Boiling Point (K) 1910 Appearance soft, slightly malleable, silver-white metal Atomic Radius (pm) 222 Atomic Volume (cc/mol) 39.0 Covalent Radius (pm) 198 Ionic Radius 134 (2e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol) 0.192 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol) 7.66 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol) 142.0 Pauling Negativity Number 0.89 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol) 502.5 Oxidation States 2 Lattice Structure Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…) 5.020 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

My Grandpa essays

My Grandpa essays I am now 15 almost 16 and I can recall being much of a different person a few years ago. Life a few years ago sure was better. Everything used to run smoother and people were rarely sad, but that was when I had my grandpa, he was a good man and a pastor at that. Everyone loved him; he was always there to cheer up people and to give advice to them. I remember going to church veer Sunday, not only to hear about God and all of that, but because my grandpa and my grandma went. Grandma was always with him where ever he went; they were like one; they loved each other so dearly. I remember that my grandpa really wanted to be an evangelist, so that he could travel and preach the word (the Bible) to others, but he always seemed to get stuck to churches for long periods of time. All the churches loved to hear him preach because my grandpa was a whole hearted Christian and believed in what he was saying! I can also remember fun days with him and of course my grandma. One day we all went to Lake Tahoe to go fishing, I was a little girl and I sure wasn't the best fisher. I was such a clumsy fisher that I had accidentally caught my grandpa on his shirt twice; boy-o-boy was that a funny day. My grandpa was the light of my family, when he was around the mood of the house seemed to be more cheerful and more alive. To me my grandpa was invulnerable and nothing could ever happen to him, but I guess that I was wrong. I remember when the happiness of the house was starting to fade because my grandpa was sick. We all thought that he had an ordinary flu or something, but since my grandpa was a hard head and never wanted to go to the doctor we didn't know for sure. One day he just couldnt take it any more, so he went to the hospital. Me I didn't take it as a big deal until we all went up there to see him. I went into his room thinking that he just had some little sickness or something, but then I say him laying there motionless with...

Implement and monitor nursing care for clients with acute health Case Study

Implement and monitor nursing care for clients with acute health problems - Case Study Example Harold’s injuries would limit his mobility and would confine him for a while to a bed or to a chair (University of Virginia â€Å"Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation). He would likely need assistance for all his activities – from his waking to his sleeping hours. I would involve Harold’s family in meeting his self-care needs by placing them on shifts. I can ask his wife to sleep in a separate bed, but still be in the same room as her husband in order to assist Harold in his ADLs. However, since Harold’s wife has initial manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease, she cannot be left with Harold for prolonged periods of time. Members of the family can take shifts in helping care for Harold. His children and grandchildren can be asked to assist Harold in performing his ADLs. They can help groom him, assist him to and from the bathroom, and keep him company. This can help ensure that Harold would not be bored and his morale always kept up. This would also ensure that his burns would not get infected or be subjected to further injury. The grandchildren have to be taught the proper ways of assisting and caring for their grandfather by demonstrating to them the proper ways of grooming and assisting in order not to subject Harold to further injuries. 3. Assess metabolism. Burn victims are in a hypermetabolic state. (Hom, et.al., p. 184), which increases their risk for prolonged inflammation, cardiac dysfunction, infection, sepsis, and death (Bankhead â€Å"News by Specialty) 1. Explaining to Harold the debridement process – how the procedure would be undertaken, the risks of the procedure, and the ultimate goal of the surgery. This would help reduce the patient’s anxiety and stress about the procedure (Steele, et.al., p. 55). 3. Instructing Harold on what he can expect during the surgery itself. I would explain to Harold why intravenous access will be needed before the surgery; the surgical skin preparations

APPLICATION PAPER Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

APPLICATION - Term Paper Example As a tradition, the two leading political parties; the Democratic and the Republican Parties select the best candidate to represent their party (4- Impression Management, Haun 50). In the primaries of each of the political parties, potential candidates file for nomination and they canvass for votes by telling leaders of the party why they are capable of winning power in the national elections (5- Compliance Gaining Strategies, Haun 64). In order to ensure the best results in the general presidential elections, the parties select the best candidate to represent them (6- Uncertainty Reduction, Haun 23). In doing this, a lot of checks are done on each candidate to verify and validate his or her claims of eligibility for the Presidency as well as acceptability to the voters (7- Fidelity Checks, Haun 69). After successfully convincing the leaders of the respective parties (8- Evidence Test, Haun 69), they are chosen as the Presidential aspirants to represent the two major political parties in America. The Presidential candidates are presented to the American electorates by the parties. The candidates are required to present a positive image about themselves and their parties (9- Impression Management Theory, Haun 50). In order to examine the promises made by each of the candidates, most presidential elections are marked by various presidential debates. In these debates, the presidential candidates tell the American people what they would do if they are voted into power. This provides a platform for informing electorates about the kind of leader who will fill the White House over the next four years. Presidential debates provide a strong insight into the policies that either parties have for the people and influences the way people think about the candidates (10- Perception, Haun 68). This year, the two contenders for the US Presidency, President Barack Obama and Senator Mitt Romney

Die Preforming Process: Long Last-stage Blade Nuclear Power

Die Preforming Process: Long Last-stage Blade Nuclear Power Design and Optimization of Die Preforming Process for Long Last-stage Blade of Nuclear Power He Xiaomao1,aà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Jiang Peng1, Lin Jingtang2à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Huang Jianning1 1 Beijing Mechanical and Electrical Institute of Technologyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Beijingà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’China 2 Tian Qian Heavy Industry Company, Ltd, Mianzhu, SiChuan, China Abstract: The long last-stage blade is a key component of the steam turbine of nuclear conventional island. The die preforming process for a new technology that provides billets for near-net-shape roll-forging process was designed, the effects of the forging temperature, friction coefficient, flash lands height and dies outer fillet radius on the die forging force and forging energy were studied by using the orthogonal experiment method, the primary and secondary order of the four factors were analysed by using range analysis method, and the optimal combination of the factors was obtained. By means of numerical simulation and physical experiment, the die preforming process that can provide qualified billets for the subsequent roll-forging process was verified, and the PZS1120f electric screw press can meet the requirements of the die preforming process. 1 Preface The long last-stage blade is the key component of the steam turbine of the nuclear power conventional island. The larger the exhausting area of the last-stage blade of the LP cylinder is, the higher the efficiency of the nuclear power unit is and the better the economy is [1]. Harbin Steam Turbine Factory had successfully developed a 72-inch (1829mm) half-speed nuclear power turbine blade [2], Shanghai Electric had also developed a 67-inch (1710mm) nuclear power blade [3], the development of these long blades effectively improves the efficiency of nuclear power unit, but its also a challenge to manufacture these long last-stage blades. At present, the technology of preforming and overall forging was mainly adopted by the domestic and foreign blade manufacturers [4, 5]. The radial forging and the open-die forging was adopted respectively by the foreign and domestic blade manufacturers as blanking process, and then, the overall die forging process was adopted to form the blades. Due to the large area of these blades, the capability of the blade manufacturers forging equipment cannot meet to the required forging force of producing the blades and the forged blades had got some defects, such as underpressing, underfill and overweight. The die preforming process that provides billets for a new near-net forming process for nuclear last-stage blades was proposed, the new process, which uses the roll-forging process to form the blade body of the long blades, the die forging to form the blade root, crown and damper, can effectively reduce the required forging force. In this paper, the die preforming technology of long last-stage blade was designed, the process parameters were optimized by the orthogonal experiment method and numerical simulation, and the feasibility of the process was verified by physical experiments. 2Optimization of process parameters The die preforming process was carried out in the PZS1120f type of electric screw press, the nominal tonnage of the press is 250,000 kN. According to the nominal tonnage, the maximal projection area of the forging billet was calculated. The forging force is not only related to the material and forgings projection area, but also related to the strain rate, temperature, friction coefficient and die structure (height of the flash land and the outer fillet radius of dies). Because the strain rate is related to the forming speeding of the press, its value is determined when the forging press is chosen. The forging temperature, the friction coefficient, the height of the flash land and the outer fillet radius were chosen as the process parameters to be optimized and the forging force and forging energy were chosen as optimization objectives. 2.1 Die preformed forging and dies 3D model of a preformed forging was shown in Figure 1, the forging model was calculated based on the press nominal tonnage and the forging drawing of the 72-inch blade, the calculation process wasnt repeated here, it will be discussed in detail in the future article. The dies structure was shown in Figure 2, it didnt contain the groove of the flash, and the structure was quite simple, only the height of the flash land h and the outer fillet radius r were considered as parameters. Figure. 1 3D model of die preformed forging Figure. 2 Die Structures Figure. 3 Billet of the die preforming 2.2 Levels and factors table of orthogonal experiment Orthogonal experiment method can be used to study the impact of multiple factors on the optimization objective by less number of trials, to obtain the best combination of factors for the optimal objective value. The forging force and the forging energy of the die preforming are related to the forging temperature A (T), the friction coefficient B (ÃŽÂ ¼), the height of flash land C (h) and the outer fillet radius D (r). The four parameters were adopted as the orthogonal experiment factors, each factor took three levels, and the designed factors and levels table were shown in Table 1. Table 1. Factors and levels table of the orthogonal experiment. Factor Level A Forging temperature T/à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ B Friction coefficient ÃŽÂ ¼ C height of flash land h/mm D outer fillet radius r/mm 1 1180 0.2 6 2 2 1150 0.3 8 3 3 1120 0.4 10 4 2.3 Parameter settings of numerical simulation The billets used in the die preforming were produced in the semi-open heading process in ref. [6]. The shapes and dimensions were shown in Fig 3. The material is 1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN, and the constitutive relation of the material was from ref. [7], in the Arrhenius form and the hyperbolic sinusoidal was used. à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 1à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° The die was modeled as a rigid model with a preheat temperature of 200  ° C and a forming speed of 400 mm / s. The forging temperatures and the friction coefficients were set according to Table 1. 2.4 Results oforthogonal experiment Orthogonal experiments were performed using the 3-level and 4-factor table L9 (34) [8], without considering the interaction between the factors, the orthogonal experiments of simulation arrangement and the results were shown in Table 2. Table.2 orthogonal experiments of simulation arrangement and the resultsà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ NO. Factor Result A B C D Forging Force F à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ kNà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Forging Energy E à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ kJà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Forging temperature Friction coefficient Flash land height Outer fillet radius 1 1 1 3 2 343000 5830 2 1 2 1 1 462000 6200 3 1 3 2 3 449000 6440 4 2 1 2 1 398000 6420 5 2 2 3 3 364000 6510 6 2 3 1 2 631000 7370 7 3 1 1 3 522000 7270 8 3 2 2 2 465000 7370 9 3 3 3 1 427000 7440 2.5 Range analysis The value of Kjm was the sum of the result of the m factor at j level, and the means were represented by kjm, the value of kjm can reflect the optimal level. Rm was the range of the mth factor, the value of Rm reflected the fluctuation range of the optimal objective when the m factor fluctuated, the bigger the Rm was, the greater the influence of the m factor on the objective was. The primary and secondary order of the factors can be judged according to the range. The results of the range analysis of the forging force F and the forging energy E were shown in Table 3. Table.3 Range analysis of the forging force F and the forging energy Eà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Result Factor A B C D Forging Force F à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ kNà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° K1m 12540000 1263000 1615000 1287000 K2m 13930000 1291000 1312000 1439000 K3m 14140000 1507000 1134000 1335000 k1m 4180000 421000 538333.3 429000 k2m 464333.3 430333.3 437333.3 479666.7 k3m 471333.3 502333.3 378000 445000 Rm 53333.3 81333.3 160333.3 50666.7 Order C>B>A>D Forging Energy E à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ kJà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° K1m 18470 19520 20840 20060 K2m 20300 20080 20230 20570 K3m 22080 21250 19780 20220 k1m 6156.7 6506.7 6946.7 6686.7 k2m 6766.7 6693.3 6743.3 6856.7 k3m 7360 7083.3 6593.3 6740 Rm 1203.3 576.7 353.3 170 Order A>B>C>D According the range of forging force in Table 3, the order of importance that the factors influences the forging force were the height of flash land C, the coefficient of friction B, the forging temperature A, the outer fillet radius D. According to the range analysis, the optimal combination to obtain the minimum forging force was (C3B1A1D1). The relationships among the forging force and the factors were shown in Figure 4, forging force decreased with increasing temperature, with decreasing of friction coefficient, and with increasing of the flash lands height; the relationship between forging force and the outer fillet radius didnt show significant trend of increasing or decreasing, but the range was the smallest among the four factors. Figure. 4 Relationships among the forging force and factors According the range of forging force in Table 3, the order of importance that the factors influences the forging energy were forging temperature A, friction coefficient B, height of flash land C, outer fillet radius D. Except the forging temperature can cause some fluctuations of the range of forging energy, the effects of other factors on the forging energys fluctuation were quite small, because the heating temperature made the transition of crystal atoms more easily, macroscopically indicated that the metal was more easily deformed, and the temperature increasing weakened the third-phase particles on pinning the dislocation movement, the required deformation energy was smaller; And the rest factors didnt have effects on the atomic migration and dislocation movement, and the macro behavior was that the forging energy didnt fluctuate obviously. 3 Numerical simulation analyses According to the optimizing result of the orthogonal experiment, the parameters were: forging temperature was 1180 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, friction coefficient was 0.2, flash lands height was 10mm, and outer fillet radius was 3mm, and the other parameters were same as orthogonal experiment. The simulation results were shown as follows: Figure.5 Relationship between stroke and forging force and energy As shown in figure 5, the predicated forging force was 304000 kN and the forging energy was 5680 kJ by using the optimal scheme. Compared with the result of orthogonal experiment, it was found that the value simulated by the optimal factor and level combination was the smallest one. Even if the optimal scheme was utilized, the forging force of 304,000 kN was great than the nominal tonnage 250,000 kN of PZS1120f electric screw press. In the live production, there would be some issues, such as the upper and lower die cannot be clamped, the forging would be underpressing and underfill. However, in order to ensure that forged billet has enough width and a certain length, to minimize the deformation along the width direction during the roll forging step, a few underpressing in the height direction would be allowed. The situation of die cavity filling while the forging force was 207000kN was shown in Figure 6, except the crown part of the outlet side, the rest of the billet was almost filled, and the value of underpressing of the dies was 2.7mm, this underpressing value would not have too much impact on the roll-forging of the blade. Figure.6 Situation of die cavity filling while the forging force was 207000kN The reason that cause the outlet side of the crown was not filled was the billet deflected to the inlet side at the beginning of the forging (as shown in Fig. 7), resulting in a shortage of material on the outlet side and the flash at inlet side was too large (Figure 6). 4Die preforming experiment Figure 8a were the upper and lower die used for the die preforming experiment, and Figure 8b is the blank, which was the forging in the heading experiment. Heating temperature was 1180 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, die preheating temperature was 200 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, lubricated by graphite emulsion lubricant, and two blanks were forged in this experiment. The working force was set to the nominal tonnage of PZS1120f electric screw press, during the forging process, the first blow was to locate the blanks position and to remove the scale, and then, the blank was forged by the next two blows. The final forging forces of the two forged parts were measured to be 223460 kN and 213690 kN respectively. The die preforming forgings were shown in Figure 9, two forgings had varying degrees of underpressing and underfill, the underfill of the crown part at the outlet side was more serious, and the flash at the inlet side was much large. With numerical simulation results, it can be determined that the reason of these defects was the blanks deflection to the inlet side; some measures should be taken to prevent the blank deflection in the live production. The flash lands heights of the two forgings were measured to be 12.9mm and 12.8mm, the values of underpressing were 2.9mm and 2.8mm, because the forging force had reached the maximum tonnage of the press, its hard to clamping the upper and lower die by increasing the number of blows, and it would damage the press and dies. These defects can only be solved by the subsequent roll-forging process. a) Upper and lower dies b) heading billets Figure.8 Dies and billets of the die preforming experiment Figure.9 Die preforming forgings The feasibility of the die preforming process was verified by the experiment, and the PZS1120f electric screw press can basically meet the requirements of die preforming process, and the qualified billets can be provided for the subsequent near-net-shape roll-forging process. 5 Conclusions Through the orthogonal experiment optimization, numerical simulation and physical experiment, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Among the four factors: Forging temperature A, friction coefficient B, flash lands height C and the outer fillet radius D, the principle factor that impacts on forging force was the flash lands height, and the forging temperature had some effects on the forging energy, the optimal factor and level combination was C3A1B1D1. 2) The qualified billets formed by die preforming process can be provided for the subsequent near-net-shape roll-forging process and the PZS1120f electric screw press basically meets the requirements of the process. 3) The billet was deflected during the forging process, resulting in the underfill of the crown part at the outlet side, some measurements should be taken to prevent the deflection in the live production. References T. Zhou, M. Zhang, L. Zhang, K. Ran, China Electric Power(Technology Edition), 2, 43, (2012) Q. H. Zhang, Y. F. LI, J. W. Guang, Symp. Turb. Prof. Comm. CSPE, 133, (2012) W. Lu, Z. Y. Peng , Y. Zhou, K. Cheng, East China Electric Power, 38, 1771, (2010) X. J. Li, Z. F. Huang, W. C. Chen, R. J. Qin, Power Equipment, 24, 150, (2010) J. Zhong, C. J. Hu, C. Guo, Forging Stamping Technology, 33, 1, (2008) X. M. He, P. Jiang, F. W. Li, J. N. Huang, Forging MetalForming, 13, 49, (2016) X. M. He, P. Jiang, J. T. Lin, Y. Yang, Journal of Plasticity engineering, 4, 96, (2016) Y. B. Qu. Experimental Design and Data Processing(China Univ. Sci. Tech. Press, 2008)

Creation community and vocation

The second theme stresses the importance for community ithin our world. Jesus was a relational person creating intimate friendships with all people. Therefore, we are to imitate His act and be interactive with humanity. Being relational includes discipleship, brotherhood, love, and reconciliation. The final theme–vocation discusses the difference between career and calling. When we are patient, seek Him first, and listen for his quiet voice, He will reveal our true calling.Although the three themes have distinct characteristics and differences from one another all three intersect and are important in the Christian life. When we lose our ense of purpose and meaning, we lose our sense of connection to others and God; we lose our sense of community. Without a sense of purpose we forget that we are created in His image and other people mean little to us because we no longer value ourselves. The image of God is in all creation. We see his reflection in kind and gentle humans and we marvel at the beauty of a summers' sunset.His reflection is found in every living thing and in the God-created beauty of nature. Man is the most unique among all of God's creation because we have a material body and a soul. â€Å"Then God aid, let us make man in our image, after our likeness† (Genesis 1:26, ESV). Having the â€Å"likeness of God† means that we were made to resemble God. Man is free to make decisions and reason-this is a reflection of God's intellect and freedom. â€Å"Not only are we created as trustees of God to experience the goodness of creation, we are created to be in community with all creation† (Birch).Since God has given us a responsibility over â€Å"the fish of the see and the birds of the air†¦ over all the earth† (Leviticus 25: 23-24, NIV), we are to fulfill this responsibility by taking care of these things. Creation relates to community in the fact that man was created for fellowship. This reflects God's nature and His love. In Eden, Adam's primary relationship was with God, but He made the first woman because â€Å"it is not good for the man to be alone† (Genesis 2:18, ESV). â€Å"Relationality is a part of the image of God.If we are free and responsible persons, and everyone else is similarly free and reasonable, we are inseparably linked to one another through our choices† Oacobsen ; Sawatsky). Creation relates to our calling as well in this way, â€Å"Our special status as bearers of God's image brings special responsibilities. In particular, we are called to use our gifts and talents in the service of God, in helping others, and in caring for the natural world† Oacobsen ; Sawatsky Man has been created as a relational people.This sense of community can be seen in many aspects of our lives such as the church, our families, our friends, and many other places. While Jesus was on this Earth, He made numerous connections with people through stories, sharing, and demonstrating acts of love. We are to follow in His footsteps. Not only are we supposed to reach out to others, but we are also supposed to reconcile with them. Reconciliation is key to having a relationship with someone, and sustaining it. Reconciliation can happen, because as Christians, we understand that God reconciled with us by sending Jesus Christ to save the world.Community is the perfect means to demonstrate how God has loved us. We can't practice authentic Christianity without Christian fellowship because love is at the very root of God's character. â€Å"God is love. Whoever lives in love, lives in God, and God in him† (1 John 4:16, NIV). The church is the central place within Christian community. It is important to walk with other believers who can build us up, call us out, and who ill love us no matter what. We find strength in numbers and it makes our walk with God easier when we have people supporting us.A Christian community is necessary to help us recharge, be renewed, and be refreshed. â€Å"Let us not give up meeting together as some are in the habit of doing, but let us encourage one another† (Hebrews 10:25, NIV). Community and vocation are connected to one another in the sense that it is important for us to be a part of our local and nonlocal communities. We are called to be the hands and feet of God and He uses us to reach out to people we are in contact ith. We need to be attending to the needs of our communities and actively loving our neighbors by using out gifts, talents, and strengths.With what ever our calling may be, God insists that we use our abilities to encourage, strengthen, aid, and educate others because that is what Jesus did here on Earth. As Christians, we become whole persons through healthy relationships with God and others. This means that â€Å"we feel the need to encourage and support families, churches, and local communities, and the larger civil society so that these various social places can emain places where he althy relationships are able develop and where human dignity is protected† Oacobsen ; Sawatsky).Community and creation are connected to one another in the sense that God created an interrelated creation. â€Å"Not only are we created as trustees of God to experience the goodness of creation, we are created to be in community with all creation† (Birch). This is the only way we will be able to experience the wholeness God has intended for us. Each part of God's creation finds its fulfillment in interrelatedness with all. â€Å"The place God calls man to is the place where his or her deep gladness and the orld's deep hunger meet.The kind of work God usually calls man to is the kind of work that man need most to do, and also the work that the world most needs to have done† (Buechner). Calling and career are two separate things, but ultimately go hand- in-hand. Knowing the difference is an essential part of finding where God wants us to be. â€Å"A career is a partic ular line of work one does to earn an income. A calling is a specific vision of how God wants to use our time, energy, and abilities to serve Him in the world† (Sittser). As a Christian, we are to seek His kingdom first in our lives, but a alling often uses a career.Our calling should be bigger than Just a career. Many people think that finding a calling only applies to the Christian world , but everyone can contribute to the common good. Discovering God's will for our lives is not something that happens overnight. Often it is very hard to truly hear what He is saying to us. God can speak directly to us, but He often is heard through other the people, church, nature-even art and music. It is obvious that prayer is essential to the Christian life. It is especially important in discovering our calling. â€Å"Prayer is listening.It is attentiveness, being in the presence of God, waiting expectantly for God to speak to our hearts† Oacobsen & Sawatsky). Waiting involves pati ence, which is often hard to achieve. Being able to understand that God will always show us where He wants us will help us get through that waiting period. God gave man the responsibility to be caregivers over the earth; this arises from being created in the image of God. God entrusted His own function as Creator to man along with abilities required to do so. This includes exploring, discovering, understanding, developing, and using creation to honor the Creator.Work is not incidental to man's being, but an essential part of his purpose of being on the earth. Community is also an essential part of using our vocation to honor Him. God wants us to meet our own needs and the needs of our own family and our own friends, but he also calls us to provide for the needs of others. â€Å"Carry each others burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ† (Galatians 6:2, NIV). Whatever our career may be, within the work place we need to be aware of those who are around us. Cr eation, community, and vocation are three important aspects of the Christian ife.As has been shown throughout the previous paragraphs, each of these themes can be looked at separately, but they are often seen in connection with one another. Throughout the course, this connection wasn't specifically addressed, but reflecting back on the three themes, I am now able to intersect creation, community, and vocation. As people, we were created in the image of God; therefore He has provided us with skills, abilities, and strengths also achieved through experiences and our careers†to make a difference in our surrounding communities and throughout the world. References

Fedex

FedEx Corporation Operating Segments and Companies Basically, FedEx is divided into four segments and 11 operating companies. The segments consist of FedEx Express Segment, FedEx Ground Segment, FedEx Freight Segment, and FedEx Freight Segment. The 4 segments and 11 operating companies are as shown chart below: FedEx Services Segment FedEx Freight Segment FedEx Ground Segment FedEx Express Segment FedEx Services FedEx Freight FedEx Ground FedEx Express FedEx Global Supply Chain ServicesFedEx Customer Information Services FedEx Office Caribbean Transportation Services FedEx Trade Network FedEx SmartPost FedEx Custom Critical SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its key purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firm specific business model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates.The major SWOT considerations in FedEx's attempt to continue its growth and dominance are the following: Strengths * Strong brand name * Superior service performance * Advanced technology innovations * Impressive infrastructure of equipments * Focus on customers satisfaction * Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Unmatched reputation or on-time delivery * Lots of planes, well-located hubs, great routes/landing rights * Ranked as one of the best companies to work for many years in a row * Great R;amp;D, quite innovative * Extensive capital expenditures * FedEx SWOT Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Large scale operations| Weaknesses * High prices relative to competitors * Not as strong internationally * Costly innovation technology * Less capable in ground service * Weak and slow returns * Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize * Lag UPS in the ground delivery market * Very exposed to economic conditions and fuel prices| Opportu nities * Untapped market * Economy is beginning to recover, especially in Asia (China specifically) * Increase in demand of logistics * Alliance with USPS * The cost of infrastructure of express delivery companies are a barrier of entry to new comers * FedEx leadership in global express delivery – As long as the nature of our socioeconomic environment exists, there will always be a need for express delivery * E-commerce is creating an increased need for express delivery * Globalization offers opportunities for expansion * Currently offer services to 220+ countries and barring government intervention, can expand in them as it sees fit * Continued globalization of the world marketplace means more contract are available and at higher volumes as well * Expansion of online retailing creates an increased need for on-time, hassle-free shipping * Focus on taking away international market share from DHL and domestic ground delivery from UPS| Threats * Increasing in transportation cost s (fuel charge) * Economic down in US * Substitution (UPS,PosLaju,GDex,DHL) * Online competitive advantage of rivals * Maintaining the infrastructure of an express delivery company is an exit barrier because of high fixed costs * Capitol is acquired through the volume of sales, so the high fixed costs can hurt when times are slow * Due to the nature of the industry, it is nearly impossible to become the clear industry leader * The nature of the industry shows very low returns on invested capitol * The E-tailing industry demands lower shipping rates and charges to pull customers from the retailing industries * Economic downturn has cut down on volume overall * Many consumers and businesses are switching to slower delivery options to save money * UPS is attempting to take away market share in the express delivery arena * E-mail may take away from overnight document delivery market| We have found 20 lists of SWOT under each component; however, there are only important issues that influ enced FedEx growth are picked after analysis the case. 1. Strengths FedEx has a strong brand image which gives it significant strengths among the competitors and the company was named the Fortune's sixth best admired company all over the world.They offer superior overnight delivery performances which are divided into four segments and 11 operating companies, and the segments that offers are FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight and FedEx Service. From performance view, FedEx confirms that roughly 99 percent of its deliveries are delivered to doorstep on time. This gives a significant competitive advantage with differentiating their services with other competitors who do not offer their customers of these services. FedEx has a strong and impressive infrastructure of equipment and processes. Through the first and second agreement with U. S. Postal Service, FedEx able delivery services through air transportation and have option to drop box in every U. S. post office.These agreemen ts have created the Postal Service’s Global Express Guaranteed service which offers date certain international delivery to over 190 countries. Besides that, FedEx also well knows with its great R&D and innovative of delivery service. For instance, FedEx provides the innovation of new residential delivery service which is FedEx ® Home Delivery in key U. S. cities and a pioneer in applying advanced information technology to meet customer needs. In additional, advanced technology has hit their aims to focus on customer satisfactions. FedEx has a huge advantage with regards to reaching untapped places and the acquisitions of major companies have created a more organized and a more able delivery system. 2. WeaknessesThere are few weaknesses in FedEx that hindering it from growing stronger in domestically and internationally. FedEx services are priced using a zone system which means that the distance of package must travel to reach its final destination determines the price i s higher relative to competitors. This significant weakness exists as FedEx is still recovering from the debt of purchasing Flying Tiger Line airfreight service. Besides that, they are less capable in ground service compared to UPS. Other than that, FedEx has involved costly technology innovations. For instance, in order to determine the status of their packages at all possible locations along the delivery route in real time.Customers can track packages in three ways by accessing the FedEx Web site on the Internet and click on the features of FedEx Ship Manager at fedex. com, or FedEx WorldTM Shipping Software. Other than that, Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize under a four year agreement ratified in 2007. This caused FedEx to deal with the bill which they opposed fiercely and bring the bill into law. Indirectly, this incident leads to increase service costs by 30 percent that need to bear by the customers and inconsistency of operating throughout the organization. 3. Opportunities FedEx have a lot of potential in expansion due to the company's fame around the world. The untapped market has given FedEx a great opportunity to penetrate into large global market.Untapped market happened when political changes in foreign market. Next, the cost of infrastructure of express delivery of FedEx is a barrier of entry to new comers. New comers need to bear with a large amount of cost to build their infrastructure such as airfreight for delivery service. Nowadays, E-commerce and online shopping expansion is creating an increased need for express delivery. The expansion leads to the demand of hassle-free and on time delivery to volume up. Economic is recovering especially in Asia is also one of the opportunity for FedEx. Despite the problems in Europe, the Asian economy was growing rapidly and manufactured product exports were accelerating at the same time.This has increased the demand on express delivery and FedEx introduced AsiaOne network which gave effec tiveness and efficiency in delivery. 4. Threats One of the threats that faced by FedEx was increasing transportation cost which involves high fuel charge. The increasing fuel prices are likely to have a direct impact on the company's profit margins by causing a raise in the operating expenses of FedEx. This is an unavoidable threat as FedEx has a high reliance on fuel compared to UPS in express deliveries. There are few competitors in express delivery services domestically and internationally such as UPS, DHL, PosLaju and GDex. This has given customers a substitution choice to substitute FedEx express delivery services. Hence,FedEx has to make a differentiation between the competitors in order to win the market to avoid customers from switching to other delivery option. In year 1992, economic turnover in United State gave affect in the amount of package delivers per day. By end of 1992, FedEx experienced total loss of $133 billion and negative earnings per share of $2. 11. Many cust omers were switching to slow delivery options to save money. Advanced technology of email may take away from overnight document delivery market which also a threat that is beyond FedEx control. The ways that FedEx uses their SWOT analysis in helping them to create a competitive advantage will be explained in the part of Strategies to Put FedEx Ahead of The Game. Fedex Critical Thinking and Project Management Homework #2 use a Dunker Diagram to identify many potential solutions The Dunker diagram technique is used after you have articulated your â€Å"present state† and â€Å"desired state†. It is used to generate many ideas for solutions to a problem. But It works by prompting you to not only consider solutions that achieve the desired state but also solutions that make It â€Å"okay† -with you – to NOT necessarily achieve the desired state.This technique Is a good one to use when you recognize hat it may be impossible to achieve your desired state completely, and therefore, you might have to consider solutions that will make it OKAY – with you – to not achieve the desire state as you have defined it. It forces you to consider solutions that would achieve an acceptable resolution to the conflict or problem. Create a Dunker Diagram to Identify as many solutions as possible to the dilemma described below. Tu rn In your assignment to the dropped on learn by the due date on the syllabus.Scenario: You are the HER manager for a company that has a very large IT department (IT = Information Technology). In the next six months or so, you need to hire about 200 skilled IT workers (computer programmers, network administrators, database designers, web site developers, and help desk managers). You are running ads on job-posting web sites and working with a recruiting firm but you arena getting enough applicants with the required IT skills. There just aren't enough people out there that have IT skills necessary to do many of these jobs.Let's express this dilemma as the current state/desired state: Your current state is you don't have enough employees with strong IT skills. Your desired state is that you do have enough employees with strong IT skills. You decide to use the Dunker Diagramming technique so you can discover as many potential solutions to the problem as possible. Using â€Å"Dunkerâ₠¬  thinking, you realize that there are two paths you could take: (1) Try harder to hire more people with strong IT skills or (2) Make it okay NOT to hire more people with strong IT skills. When thinking of ways to accomplish #2 – make it okay not to have to hire more experienced people – DO NOT suggest that you remain â€Å"under-staffed† because that goes not solve the problem) using the template, apply the Dunker diagram technique to this problem to come up with several possible alternative solutions. (See pages 470-473) for a quick reference on Dunker diagrams Circle # Fill in the blanks Find a way to hire more skilled IT people Instead of putting ads in the paper and waiting on IT workers to come to you, go out and recruit IT. Fedex FedEx Corporation Operating Segments and Companies Basically, FedEx is divided into four segments and 11 operating companies. The segments consist of FedEx Express Segment, FedEx Ground Segment, FedEx Freight Segment, and FedEx Freight Segment. The 4 segments and 11 operating companies are as shown chart below: FedEx Services Segment FedEx Freight Segment FedEx Ground Segment FedEx Express Segment FedEx Services FedEx Freight FedEx Ground FedEx Express FedEx Global Supply Chain ServicesFedEx Customer Information Services FedEx Office Caribbean Transportation Services FedEx Trade Network FedEx SmartPost FedEx Custom Critical SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its key purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firm specific business model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates.The major SWOT considerations in FedEx's attempt to continue its growth and dominance are the following: Strengths * Strong brand name * Superior service performance * Advanced technology innovations * Impressive infrastructure of equipments * Focus on customers satisfaction * Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Unmatched reputation or on-time delivery * Lots of planes, well-located hubs, great routes/landing rights * Ranked as one of the best companies to work for many years in a row * Great R;amp;D, quite innovative * Extensive capital expenditures * FedEx SWOT Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Large scale operations| Weaknesses * High prices relative to competitors * Not as strong internationally * Costly innovation technology * Less capable in ground service * Weak and slow returns * Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize * Lag UPS in the ground delivery market * Very exposed to economic conditions and fuel prices| Opportu nities * Untapped market * Economy is beginning to recover, especially in Asia (China specifically) * Increase in demand of logistics * Alliance with USPS * The cost of infrastructure of express delivery companies are a barrier of entry to new comers * FedEx leadership in global express delivery – As long as the nature of our socioeconomic environment exists, there will always be a need for express delivery * E-commerce is creating an increased need for express delivery * Globalization offers opportunities for expansion * Currently offer services to 220+ countries and barring government intervention, can expand in them as it sees fit * Continued globalization of the world marketplace means more contract are available and at higher volumes as well * Expansion of online retailing creates an increased need for on-time, hassle-free shipping * Focus on taking away international market share from DHL and domestic ground delivery from UPS| Threats * Increasing in transportation cost s (fuel charge) * Economic down in US * Substitution (UPS,PosLaju,GDex,DHL) * Online competitive advantage of rivals * Maintaining the infrastructure of an express delivery company is an exit barrier because of high fixed costs * Capitol is acquired through the volume of sales, so the high fixed costs can hurt when times are slow * Due to the nature of the industry, it is nearly impossible to become the clear industry leader * The nature of the industry shows very low returns on invested capitol * The E-tailing industry demands lower shipping rates and charges to pull customers from the retailing industries * Economic downturn has cut down on volume overall * Many consumers and businesses are switching to slower delivery options to save money * UPS is attempting to take away market share in the express delivery arena * E-mail may take away from overnight document delivery market| We have found 20 lists of SWOT under each component; however, there are only important issues that influ enced FedEx growth are picked after analysis the case. 1. Strengths FedEx has a strong brand image which gives it significant strengths among the competitors and the company was named the Fortune's sixth best admired company all over the world.They offer superior overnight delivery performances which are divided into four segments and 11 operating companies, and the segments that offers are FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight and FedEx Service. From performance view, FedEx confirms that roughly 99 percent of its deliveries are delivered to doorstep on time. This gives a significant competitive advantage with differentiating their services with other competitors who do not offer their customers of these services. FedEx has a strong and impressive infrastructure of equipment and processes. Through the first and second agreement with U. S. Postal Service, FedEx able delivery services through air transportation and have option to drop box in every U. S. post office.These agreemen ts have created the Postal Service’s Global Express Guaranteed service which offers date certain international delivery to over 190 countries. Besides that, FedEx also well knows with its great R&D and innovative of delivery service. For instance, FedEx provides the innovation of new residential delivery service which is FedEx ® Home Delivery in key U. S. cities and a pioneer in applying advanced information technology to meet customer needs. In additional, advanced technology has hit their aims to focus on customer satisfactions. FedEx has a huge advantage with regards to reaching untapped places and the acquisitions of major companies have created a more organized and a more able delivery system. 2. WeaknessesThere are few weaknesses in FedEx that hindering it from growing stronger in domestically and internationally. FedEx services are priced using a zone system which means that the distance of package must travel to reach its final destination determines the price i s higher relative to competitors. This significant weakness exists as FedEx is still recovering from the debt of purchasing Flying Tiger Line airfreight service. Besides that, they are less capable in ground service compared to UPS. Other than that, FedEx has involved costly technology innovations. For instance, in order to determine the status of their packages at all possible locations along the delivery route in real time.Customers can track packages in three ways by accessing the FedEx Web site on the Internet and click on the features of FedEx Ship Manager at fedex. com, or FedEx WorldTM Shipping Software. Other than that, Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize under a four year agreement ratified in 2007. This caused FedEx to deal with the bill which they opposed fiercely and bring the bill into law. Indirectly, this incident leads to increase service costs by 30 percent that need to bear by the customers and inconsistency of operating throughout the organization. 3. Opportunities FedEx have a lot of potential in expansion due to the company's fame around the world. The untapped market has given FedEx a great opportunity to penetrate into large global market.Untapped market happened when political changes in foreign market. Next, the cost of infrastructure of express delivery of FedEx is a barrier of entry to new comers. New comers need to bear with a large amount of cost to build their infrastructure such as airfreight for delivery service. Nowadays, E-commerce and online shopping expansion is creating an increased need for express delivery. The expansion leads to the demand of hassle-free and on time delivery to volume up. Economic is recovering especially in Asia is also one of the opportunity for FedEx. Despite the problems in Europe, the Asian economy was growing rapidly and manufactured product exports were accelerating at the same time.This has increased the demand on express delivery and FedEx introduced AsiaOne network which gave effec tiveness and efficiency in delivery. 4. Threats One of the threats that faced by FedEx was increasing transportation cost which involves high fuel charge. The increasing fuel prices are likely to have a direct impact on the company's profit margins by causing a raise in the operating expenses of FedEx. This is an unavoidable threat as FedEx has a high reliance on fuel compared to UPS in express deliveries. There are few competitors in express delivery services domestically and internationally such as UPS, DHL, PosLaju and GDex. This has given customers a substitution choice to substitute FedEx express delivery services. Hence,FedEx has to make a differentiation between the competitors in order to win the market to avoid customers from switching to other delivery option. In year 1992, economic turnover in United State gave affect in the amount of package delivers per day. By end of 1992, FedEx experienced total loss of $133 billion and negative earnings per share of $2. 11. Many cust omers were switching to slow delivery options to save money. Advanced technology of email may take away from overnight document delivery market which also a threat that is beyond FedEx control. The ways that FedEx uses their SWOT analysis in helping them to create a competitive advantage will be explained in the part of Strategies to Put FedEx Ahead of The Game.